Start Flashcards: Anatomy & Physiology: The Urinary System Essay

Question: Why are females more likely to contract bladder infections than males?

Choices:

The longer urethra of males means bacteria must travel farther to the bladder to cause an infection.

Question: What anatomical structures provide protection to the kidney?

Choices:

Retroperitoneal anchoring, renal fat pads, and ribs provide protection to the kidney.

Question: Give the formula for net filtration pressure.

Choices:

Net filtration pressure (NFP) = glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) - [capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) + blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)]

Question: What is suggested by the presence of white blood cells found in the urine?

Choices:

The presence of white blood cells found in the urine suggests urinary tract infection.

Question: Describe how forceful urination is accomplished.

Choices:

Forceful urination is accomplished by contraction of abdominal muscles.

Question: Which structures make up the renal corpuscle?

Choices:

The structures that make up the renal corpuscle are the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and PCT.

Question: Name the structures found in the renal hilum.

Choices:

The structures found in the renal hilum are arteries, veins, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves.

Question: Both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus produce large urine volumes, but how would other characteristics of the urine differ between the two diseases?

Choices:

Diabetes mellitus would result in urine containing glucose, and diabetes insipidus would produce urine with very low osmolarity (low specific gravity, dilute).

Question: What are the major structures comprising the filtration membrane?

Choices:

The major structures comprising the filtration membrane are fenestrations and podocyte fenestra, fused basement membrane, and filtration slits.

Question: Name at least five symptoms of kidney failure.

Choices:

Symptoms of kidney failure are weakness, lethargy, shortness of breath, widespread edema, anemia, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, heart arrhythmias, uremia, loss of appetite, fatigue, excessive urination, and oliguria.

Question: How does the renal portal system differ from the hypothalamo-hypophyseal and digestive portal systems?

Choices:

The renal portal system has an artery between the first and second capillary bed. The others have a vein.